(often a 125-ton capacity truck).Also, in a number of cases, multiple single-well cars (usually 3 or 5) are connected by drawbars and share a single reporting mark.On both types of multiple-unit cars, the units are typically distinguished by letters, with the unit on one end being the "A" unit, and the unit on the other end being the "B" unit. Middle units are labeled starting with "C", and going up to "E" for five-unit cars. Carrying capacityDouble-stack cars come in a number of sizes, related to the standard sizes of the containers they are designed to carry. Well lengths of 40ft (12.19m), 48ft (14.63m) and 53ft (16.15m) are most common. A number of 45ft (13.72m) wells and 56ft (17.07m) wells also exist. (The sizes of wells are frequently marked in large letters on the sides of cars to assist yard workers in locating suitable equipment for freight loads.)In cases where wells are smaller than some of the containers being loaded, larger containers are often placed on top of
smaller containers that fit in the available wells. Many wells are also capable of carrying two 20' ISO containers in the bottom position.Some double-stack cars have been also equipped with hitches which allow them to carry semi-trailers as well as containers. These are known as "all-purpose" well cars. Other countries Australia - double stack trains operate between Perth, Adelaide, Darwin and Parkes, NSW 6.5m (21ft) clearances India - Mundra Port operates double stack diesel trains on 1,676 mm(5 ft6in) gauge using flatcars. It is one of only 3 countries to commercially double stack 9ft6in (2.9m) tall containers on a train. Experiments for double stacking under 25 kV AC overhead lines have begun because of funds given by Japan. China - using double stacked container trains under 25 kV AC overhead lines. Choke pointsLow bridges and narrow tunnels in various locations prevent the operation of double-stack trains until costly upgrades are made. Some Class I railroad compani
es in the U.S. have recently initiated improvement programs to remove obstructions to double-stack trains. See Heartland Corridor (Norfolk Southern Railway) and National Gateway (CSX Transportation). References^ Cudahy, Brian J., - "The Containership Revolution: Malcom McLean 1956 Innovation Goes Global". - TR News. - (c/o National Academy of Sciences). - Number 246. - September-October 2006. - (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document)^ Chronological History - Union Pacific Railroad Company^ Kaminski, Edward S. (1999). - American Car & Foundry Company: A Centennial History, 18991999. - Wilton, California: Signature Press. - ISBN 0963379100^ "A new fleet shapes up. (High-Tech Railroading)". - Railway Age. - (c/o HighBeam Research). - September 1, 1990^ Parkes article on double stacking^ /library/RIS_2.2.pdf^ a b Business Line - India Double Stacking^ Double stack^ /gallery/openline/IRJ.jpg.html^ Preparing to handle double-stack containers, Raghu Dayal, Railway Gazette International May
2009, p46^ Railpage Australia - U.S. rail network facing congestion 'calamity' Online rostersDouble Stack Cars - A list of double stack cars by reporting mark, with various dataRR Rolling Stock Category: Double Stack Car - Picture Archives Magazine articlesMainline Modeler:Fortenberry, Curt & Bill McKean. - "APL Container Car". - February 1987. - p.65-69.Fortenberry, Curt & Robert L. Hundman. - "APL container car part II the brake system". - March 1987. - p.78-81.Hundman, Robert L., & Curt Fortenberry. - "APL 45-foot container car". - May 1987. - p.54-57.Model Railroader:Durrenberger, Cyril. - "SP/ACF double stack cars". - October 1983. - p.83-93.Model Railroading:Bontrager, David A. - "Articulated double stacks: a prototype overview". - June 1993. p.24-29.Bontrager, David A. - "The Newest Prototype Well Cars: An Abundance of Kitbashing Possibilities". August 1997. - p.46-49.Casdorph, David G. and Ed McCaslin. - "Gunderson's Husky-Stack: The Prototype and Detailing A-Line's
HO Model". - October 1995. - p.32-37.Casdorph, David G. - "NSC 53' Drawbarred Well Car Roster and Pictorial". - August 2002. - p.30-33Geiger, Doug. - "Thrall Double-Stacks: Three-Well DTTX Drawbar-Connected Car". - October 1994. - p.50-55.Geiger, Doug. - "Gunderson Husky Stack Three-Well BN Drawbar-Connected Car". - July 1995. - p.48-53.Geiger, Doug. - "Gunderson Maxi-Stack IIIs Part I: The Prototype". - December 1995. - p.58-63.Geiger, Doug. - "Maxi-Stack Well Car Part I: The Prototype". - April 1997. - p.28-31.Mansfield, Jim. - "Thrall Five-Unit Double-Stack Car - Series TWG50J". - October 1993. - p.19-23.Mansfield, Jim. - "Thrall Five-Unit Double-Stack Car - Series APLX 5000". - November 1993. - p.24-25, 27-31.Railroad Model Craftsman:Panza, Jim & Chuck Yungkurth. - "Thrall's double-stack cars". - January 1989. - p.89-98.Panza, Jim & Bruce Keating. - "The Gunderson Husky-Stack well car". - July 1992. - p.71-75.Panza, Jim & William Halliar. - "Thrall stand-alone and drawba
r connected well cars". - October 1992. - p.64-68.vdeRail transport freight equipmentEnclosed equipmentAutorack Boxcar (US) Coilcar Container Coveredhopper Coveredwagon Refrigeratorcar (US) Refrigeratedvan (EU) Roadrailer Stockcar TankcarOpen equipmentFlatcar Gondola (US) Hoppercar Openwagon (EU) Schnabelcar Double-stack carNon-revenue equipmentCaboose (US) Brake van (EU) Maintenance of way cars Scale test car Clearance car Crane (railroad)vdeIntermodal containersOverviewContainerization Intermodal freight transport Twenty-foot equivalent unit International Container Bureau BIC codeTransportContainer ship Well carHandlingContainer port Container crane Straddle carrier Sidelifter Rubber tyred gantry crane TwistlockTypesRefrigerated container SECUOtherContainer Shipping Information Service The Box BBC Box Sun Modular Datacenter Shipping container architecture Container (board game) Categories: Freight equipment | Intermodal containers | Port infrastructure
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